Responsable
Igor Drobyshev
Collaborateurs
Yves Bergeron, Mats Niklasson, Jonathan Eden
Problématique
Le feu est le facteur déterminant principal de la dynamique de la forêt boréale, affectant directement l'équilibre global du carbone et les concentrations atmosphériques des gaz traces, y compris le dioxyde de carbone (CO2). La compréhension des facteurs qui déterminent la dynamique du feu est importante pour l'élaboration des politiques forestières durables.
Objectifs
Dans ce projet, nous allons établir la régionalisation des régimes de feux de forêt de la région BENANE et tester les hypothèses suivantes:
H1.1. L'activité de feu régional et sa variabilité à travers le BENANE est contrôlée par la circulation atmosphérique, qui se traduit par téléconnexions (corrélations spatiales) dans l'activité d'incendie annuelle entre les différentes parties de la région.
H1.2. La variabilité de l'activité des feux de forêt reflète des gradients de continentalité de la région d'étude.
H1.3. L'activité des feux à travers le BENANE a répondu de manière synchrone à des périodes avec de grands changements dans les régimes de température et de précipitations, comme le petit âge glaciaire et la récente augmentation des températures annuelles (fin du 20e et début du 21e siècle).
Méthodologie
Reconstruction dendrochronologique des histoires d'incendie et modélisation des interactions climat-feu.
Retombées escomptées
Le projet fournira une synthèse des connaissances actuelles de l'activité des feux de forêt dans les forêts BENANE et évaluera la dynamique de forçage climatique sur l'activité historique, moderne et future des feux sur une perspective multi-siècle. Le projet devrait permettre de mettre en place un cadre solide pour (a) la modélisation du lien climat-feu à plusieurs échelles spatiales et temporelles, (b) comprendre les fonctions des forêts boréales de l'hémisphère nord de l'écosystème, et (c) l'évaluation de la résilience de ces fonctions dans l'avenir climat. Les résultats des analyses devraient également contribuer au développement de la grande régionalisation de l'échelle des régimes de feux de forêt boréale et permettront une meilleure quantification de l';aire de répartition naturelle de la variabilité des taux de perturbation dans les différents secteurs du biome circumboréale.
Applicabilité
Les forêts boréales de la zone boréale de l’est de l'Amérique du Nord et du nord de l’Europe.
Livrables
Igor Drobyshev, Mats Niklasson, Nina Ryzhkova, Götmark Frank, Guilherme Pinto, Mats Lindbladh . Did forest fires maintain mixed oak forests in southern Scandinavia? A dendrochronological speculation 2020. For. Ecol. Manage. 482:118853
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118853
Krikken Folmer, F Lehner , K Haustein , GJ van Oldenborgh , Igor Drobyshev. Attribution of the role of climate change in the forest fires in Sweden 2018 2021. Agric. For. Meteorol.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-206
Chéïma Barhoumi , Adam A. Ali, Odile Peyron , L Dugergil , O Borisova , G Subetto , Alexander Kryshen, Igor Drobyshev, Nina Ryzhkova. Did long-term fire control the coniferous boreal forest composition of northern Ural region 2020. J. of Biogeography 2426-2441
DOI : 10.1111/jbi.13922
Guilherme Pinto, Mats Niklasson, Nina Ryzhkova, Igor Drobyshev. A 500-year history of forest fires in Sala area, central Sweden, shows the earliest known onset of fire suppression in Scandinavia 2020. Oikos 20:130
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01718-2
The Sala fire in the Västmanland County of central Sweden that burned about 14,000 ha in 2014 has been the largest fire recorded in the modern history of Sweden. To understand the long-term fire history of this area, we dendrochronologically dated fire scars on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees (live and deadwood) to reconstruct the fire cycle and fire occurrence in the area affected by the 2014 fire. We identified 64 fire years, using a total of 378 pine samples. The earliest reconstructed fire dated back to 1113 AD. The spatial reconstruction extended over the period of 1480–2018 AD. Lower levels of fire activity (fire cycle, FC = 43 years, with the central 90% of the distribution limited by 35 to 57 years) dominated in the earlier period (1480–1690 AD) that was followed by a strong decrease in fire activity since 1700 (FC = 403 years, with 90% of the distribution being within 149 to 7308 years), with a fire-free period between 1756 and 2014. Sala area, therefore, features the earliest known onset of fire suppression in Scandinavia. The high demand for timber during the peak in mining activities in the study area around the 1700–1800s, accompanied by passive fire suppression policies, were possibly the main drivers of the decline in fire activity. Superposed epoch analysis (SEA) did not show significant departures in the drought proxy during the ten years with the largest area burned between 1480 and1690. It is unclear whether the result is due to the relatively small area sampled or an indication that human controls of fires dominated during that period. However, significant departures during the following period with low fire activity (1700–1756), which just preceded the last fire-free period, suggested that the climate became an increasingly important driver of fire during the onset of the suppression period. We speculate that the lack of major firebreaks, the homogenization of forests, and the lack of burned areas with low fuel loads might contribute to the occurrence of the exceptionally large 2014 fire in Sala.
1. Drobyshev I, Niklasson M, Ryzhkova N, Götmark F, Pinto G, Lindbladh M. 2021. Did forest fires maintain mixed oak forests in southern Scandinavia? A dendrochronological speculation. Forest Ecology and Management 482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118853
2. Pinto GASJ, Niklasson M, Ryzhkova N., Drobyshev, I. 2020. A 500-year history of forest fires in Sala area, central Sweden, shows the earliest known onset of fire suppression in Scandinavia. Regional Environmental Change 20, 130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01718-2
3. Barhoumi C, Ali AA, Peyron O, Dugergil L, Borisova O, Drobyshev I, Subetto G, Kryshen' A., Ryzhkova N. 2020. Did long-term fire control the coniferous boreal forest composition of northern Ural region. Journal of Biogeography 47: 2426-2441 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13922
4. Pinto GASJ, Rousseu F, Niklasson M, Drobyshev, I. 2020. Effects of human-related and biotic landscape features on the occurrence and size of modern forest fires in Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108084
5. Ryzhkova N, Pinto G, Kryshen’ A, Bergeron Y, Ols C, Drobyshev I. 2020. Multi-century reconstruction suggests complex interactions of climate and human controls of forest fire activity in a Karelian boreal landscape, North-West Russia. Forest Ecology and Management 459: 117770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117770
6. Eden J, F Krikken, I Drobyshev 2020. An empirical prediction approach for seasonal fire risk in the boreal forests. International Journal of Climatology 40: 2732-2744. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6363
7. Magne G, Brossier B, Gandouin E, Paradis L, Drobyshev I, Kryshen A, Hély C, Alleaume S, Ali AA. Lacustrine charcoal peaks provide an accurate record of surface wildfires in a North European boreal forest. 2019. Holocene 30: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619887420 (Q2)
Krikken F., Lehner F, Haustein K, Drobyshev I, van Oldenborgh GJ 2019. Attribution of the role of climate change in the forest fires in Sweden 2018. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-206
8. Barhoumi C, Peyron O, Joannin S, Subetto D, Kryshen A, Drobyshev I, Girardin M, Brossier B, Paradis L, Pastor T, Alleaume S, Ali AA. 2019. Gradually increasing forest fire activity during the Holocene in the northern Ural region (Komi Republic, Russia). Holocene 29: 1906 –1920. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619865593 (Q1)
9. Kitenberga M, Drobyshev I, Elferts D, Matisons R, Adamovics A, Katrevics J, Niklasson M, Jansons A. 2019. A mixture of human and climatic effects shapes the 250-year long fire history of a semi-natural pine dominated landscape of Northern Latvia. Forest Ecology and Management 441: 192-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.020
Avancement
En cours
Organismes subventionnaires
CRSNG, FORMAS
Financement annuel
20 000 $
Durée
2015-2023
Dernière mise à jour :
2020-12-01 00:00:00
