Emmanuel Amoah Boakye, Yves Bergeron, Igor Drobyshev, Arvin Beekharry, David Voyer, Alexis Achim, Jian-Guo Huang, Pierre Grondin, Steve Bédard, Filip Havreljuk, Fabio Gennaretti, Martin-Philippe Girardin. Recent decline in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) growth extends to the northern parts of its distribution range in eastern Canada 2023. For. Ecol. Manage. 121304
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121304
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) growth in the species’ southern range has been declining since the 1980s, putting at risk a variety of ecosystem services that the species provides. Heatwaves, drought, frosts, acidic deposition, and insect defoliation, all reducing photosynthetic activity, have been suggested to be behind the phenomenon. Because the geographic scope of previous studies on maple growth is limited to the southern temperate biome, it is not currently understood whether the same negative trends and factors affecting growth rates apply to the species in more northern regions of its distribution range. Here we used annual ring-width data of 1675 trees from a network of 21 sites in Quebec and Ontario between 45˚N and 48˚N to reconstruct maple growth and to analyze its trends and climatic drivers since 1950 C
Jordan Paillard, Pierre J.H. Richard, Olivier Blarquez, Pierre Grondin, Yves Bergeron. Postglacial establishment and expansion of marginal populations of sugar maple in western Québec, Canada: Palynological detection and interactions with fire, climate and successional processes 2023. Holocene 1237-1256
DOI : 10.1177/09596836231183065
An isolated sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stand is located in the boreal forest of Abitibi, about 75?km beyond its present northern range limit. When did this relatively thermophilous tree species establish after ice retreat? Were its populations more abundant than now sometimes in the past? If so, when and how did they expand then retracted? How did the species persist in boreal forest over time? What could have been the role of fire on this stand? To answer those questions, we reconstructed the postglacial fire and vegetation history from three lacustrine sediment sequences distributed along a c. 180?km latitudinal transect from southern boreal forests to the northern portion of deciduous forests. From north to south, those are lakes Labelle, Chasseur and Fur. We explored a procedure based on pollen accumulation rates in order to detect the probable presence of sugar maple within the lakes? watershed. The procedure successfully indicates a sugar maple establishment c. 7800?5100 cal. BP at Fur, 5500?4400 cal. BP at Chasseur and c. 4000?2700 cal. BP at Labelle, in the north. At Fur, the subsequent sugar maple expansion happened 1 to 2 thousand years after establishment, during colder and moister climatic conditions favoring Pinus strobus L. replacement by Betula spp. c. 6000?5000 cal. BP. Sugar maple establishment, persistence or expansion is apparently not linked to a change in fire activity at Fur and Chasseur, but at Labelle, the species was more abundant during periods of shorter fire return intervals from 2000 to 500 years ago. Our study suggests that northern (Chasseur and Labelle) sugar maple establishment and possible expansion was probably more controlled by a complex interaction of inhibition and facilitation dynamics than by climate alone, a process reliant on the dominant vegetation?s composition and structure.
Pierre Grondin, Marie-Hélène Brice, Yan Boulanger, Claude Morneau, Pierre-Luc Couillard, Pierre J.H. Richard, Aurélie Chalumeau, Véronique Poirier. Ecological Classification in Forest Ecosystem Management: Links Between Current Practices and Future Climate Change in a Québec Case Study 2023. In: Girona, M.M., Morin, H., Gauthier, S., Bergeron, Y. (eds) Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change. Advances in Global Change Research, vol 74. Springer, Cham. 219
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_8
Climate change is expected to profoundly impact boreal forests, ranging from changes in forest composition and productivity to modifications in disturbance regimes. These climate-induced changes represent a major challenge for forest ecosystem management, as information based on ecological classification may no longer provide a straightforward guide for attaining management goals in the future. In this chapter, we examine how climate change could influence the use of ecological classification and by what means this approach can continue to be relevant for guiding the ongoing development of management practices. We address these questions by first describing ecological classification, using the example of Québec’s classification system, and then showing its importance in forest ecosystem management. Using a forest landscape in Québec as a case study, we then look at how climate change could affect boreal forest ecosystems by presenting a detailed, multistep analysis that considers climate analogs, habitat suitability, and changes in forest composition. We show that at the end of the century, the vegetation of the Abies-Betula western subdomain will not change sufficiently to resemble that of its climate analog, currently located ~500 km to the south. Changes in fire frequency and severity could significantly modify forest dynamics and composition. Consequently, the potential vegetation and the successional pathways defined under the current climate could change and follow new successional trajectories. This possible reality forces us to question some fundamental aspects of ecological classification. However, we argue that ecological classification can still provide a valuable framework for future forest management, particularly in continuing to recognize the various types of ecosystems present along toposequences. Given the changes expected in forest vegetation composition and dynamics, future variability and uncertainty must be integrated into the current stable classification units and predictable successional trajectories of ecological classification.
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Yan Boulanger, Jesus Pascual Puigdevall, Annie Claude Bélisle, Yves Bergeron, Marie-Hélène Brice, Louis De Grandpré, Daniel Fortin, Sylvie Gauthier, Pierre Grondin, Guillemette Labadie, Mathieu Leblond, Maryse Marchand, Tadeusz B. Splawinski, Martin-Hugues St-Laurent, Évelyne Thiffault, Junior A. Tremblay, Dominic Cyr, Stephen H. Yamasaki, . A regional integrated assessment of the impacts of climate change and of the potential adaptation avenues for Quebec’s forests. 2023. Can. J. For. Res. 53(8):556-578
DOI : 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0282
Regional analyses assessing the vulnerabilities of forest ecosystems and the forest sector to climate change are key to considering the heterogeneity of climate change impacts as well as the fact that risks, opportunities, and adaptation capacities might differ regionally. Here we provide the Regional Integrated Assessment of climate change on Quebec's forests, a work that involved several research teams and focused on climate change impacts on Quebec's commercial forests and on potential adaptation solutions. Our work showed that climate change will alter several ecological processes within Quebec's forests. These changes will result in important modifications in forest landscapes. Harvest will cumulate with climate change effects to further alter future forest landscapes, which will also have consequences on wildlife habitats (including woodland caribou habitat), avian biodiversity, carbon budget, and a variety of forest landscape values for Indigenous peoples. The adaptation of the forest sector will be crucial to mitigate the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystem goods and services and improve their resilience. Moving forward, a broad range of adaptation measures, notably through reducing harvest levels, should be explored to help strike a balance among social, ecological, and economic values. We conclude that without climate adaptation, strong negative economic and ecological impacts will likely affect Quebec's forests.
Yan Boulanger, Jesus Pascual Puigdevall, Annie Claude Bélisle, Yves Bergeron, Marie-Hélène Brice, Dominic Cyr, Louis De Grandpré, Daniel Fortin, Sylvie Gauthier, Pierre Grondin, Guillemette Labadie, Mathieu Leblond, Maryse Marchand, Tadeusz Bartek Splawinski, Martin-Hugues St-Laurent, Évelyne Thiffault, Junior Tremblay, Stephen Yamasaki. A regional integrated assessment of the impacts of climate change and of the potential adaptation avenues for Quebec’s forests. 2023. Can. J. For. Res.
DOI : 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0282
Regional analyses assessing the vulnerabilities of forest ecosystems and the forest sector to climate change are key to consider the heterogeneity of climate change impacts but also the fact that risks, opportunities and adaptation capacities might differ regionally. Here we provide the Regional Integrated Assessment of climate change on Quebec’s forests, a work that involved several research teams and that focused on climate change impacts on Quebec’s commercial forests and on potential adaptation solutions. Our work showed that climate change will alter several ecological processes within Quebec’s forests. These changes will result in important modifications in forest landscapes. Harvest will cumulate with climate change effects to further alter future forest landscapes which will also have consequences on wildlife habitat (including woodland caribou habitat), avian biodiversity, carbon budget and a variety of forest landscape values for Indigenous peoples. The adaptation of the forest sector, will be crucial to mitigate the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystem goods and services and improve their resilience. Moving forward, a broad range of adaptation measures, notably through reducing harvest levels, should be explored to help strike a balance among social, ecological and economic values. We conclude that without climate adaptation strong negative economical and ecological impacts will likely affect Quebec’s forests.
Raphaël Chavardes, Lorena Balducci, Yves Bergeron, Véronique Poirier, Pierre Grondin, Hubert Morin, Fabio Gennaretti. Greater tree species diversity and lower intraspecific
competition attenuate impacts from temperature
increases and insect epidemics in boreal forests of
western Quebec, Canada. 2022. Can. J. For. Res. 53(12):48-59
DOI : 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0114
We investigated how the surrounding environment influences the growth of dominant trees and their responses to temperature and insect epidemics in boreal forests of eastern Canada. We focused on 82 black spruce and jack pine focal trees in stands spanning a double gradient of species diversity and soil texture within a 36 km2 area of western Québec. For these trees, we compared their diameter at breast height, growth rates, temperature-growth relations, and growth during insect defoliator epidemics. We used linear models to study how surrounding tree attributes and soil properties affected the growth of focal trees. Models showed that tree growth responses and responses to temperature and insect epidemics were generally negative with higher intraspecific competition and positive with greater tree species diversity. Growth of both species benefitted from lower soil sand content. Our research offers novel insights on the potential role of the surrounding environment, notably tree competition and species diversity, in mitigating the vulnerability of eastern Canada’s boreal trees to anthropogenic climate change and insect epidemics.
Fougère Augustin, Martin-Philippe Girardin, Aurélie Terrier, Pierre Grondin, Marie-Claude Lambert, Alain Leduc, Yves Bergeron. Projected changes in fire activity and severity feedback in the spruce–Feather moss forest of western Quebec, Canada. 2022. Trees, Forests and People 8:100229
DOI : 10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100229
As a result of extreme weather conditions associated with anthropogenic climate change, fire regimes are expected to continue to change in the boreal forest over the 21st century and beyond. Consequently, changes in ecological attributes like stand composition, tree density and forest carbon stock can be expected. In the present study, we used an adjusted version of the CanFIRE model to project long-term (1971–2100) changes in burn rates, fire severity and fire-induced shifts in vegetation composition in response to anticipated scenarios of climate change, in the black spruce-feather moss subdomain of Western Quebec. The model provides decadal-scale estimates of the immediate physical effects of fire on forest communities by computing expected fire behavior and the resulting ecological effects. Changes in species composition of the forest is also computed based on mechanisms of succession in natural forest communities and fire-mediated vegetation transitions. Projections suggest an increase in potential burn rates across the study area under future weather conditions and also an overall reduction in percent tree mortality and total fuel consumption. This reduction is caused by negative feedback from vegetation composition that shifts to less-fire prone states. Although common forest communities will remain the same in the studied subdomain until 2100 (recurrence dynamics), significant losses of productive area (LPA) are projected, particularly in forest management units rich in forest communities dominated by black spruce or jack pine, as a result of regeneration failure due to very short intervals between successive fires. While remaining similar under moderate (RCP4.5) and high-end (RCP8.5) warming scenarios in all forest management units, LPA will vary from 25 to 36% of the percent cover by 2100 compared to 1970. These results provide insights to policy makers and land managers, and they attract attention to the pressing need to adjust management practices in the context of climate change.
Raphaël Chavardes, Fabio Gennaretti, Xavier Cavard, Pierre Grondin, Hubert Morin, Yves Bergeron. Role of Mixed-Species Stands in Attenuating the Vulnerability of Boreal Forests to Climate Change and Insect Epidemics. 2021. Frontiers in Plant Science 12:658880
DOI : 10.3389/fpls.2021.658880
We investigated whether stand species mixture can attenuate the vulnerability of eastern Canada’s boreal forests to climate change and insect epidemics. For this, we focused on two dominant boreal species, black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), in stands dominated by black spruce or trembling aspen (“pure stands”), and mixed stands (M) composed of both species within a 36 km2 study area in the Nord-du-Québec region. For each species in each stand composition type, we tested climate-growth relations and assessed the impacts on growth by recorded insect epidemics of a black spruce defoliator, the spruce budworm (SBW) [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)], and a trembling aspen defoliator, the forest tent caterpillar (FTC; Malacosoma disstria Hübn.). We implemented linear models in a Bayesian framework to explain baseline and long-term trends in tree growth for each species according to stand composition type and to differentiate the influences of climate and insect epidemics on tree growth. Overall, we found climate vulnerability was lower for black spruce in mixed stands than in pure stands, while trembling aspen was less sensitive to climate than spruce, and aspen did not present differences in responses based on stand mixture. We did not find any reduction of vulnerability for mixed stands to insect epidemics in the host species, but the non-host species in mixed stands could respond positively to epidemics affecting the host species, thus contributing to stabilize ecosystem-scale growth over time. Our findings partially support boreal forest management strategies including stand species mixture to foster forests that are resilient to climate change and insect epidemics.
Maxence Martin, Pierre Grondin, Marie-Claude Lambert, Yves Bergeron, Hubert Morin. Compared to Wildfire, Management Practices Reduced Old-Growth Forest Diversity and Functionality in Primary Boreal Landscapes of Eastern Canada. 2021. Frontiers in forests and global change 4:15
DOI : 10.3389/ffgc.2021.639397
Large primary forest residuals can still be found in boreal landscapes. Their areas are however shrinking rapidly due to anthropogenic activities, in particular industrial-scale forestry. The impacts of logging activities on primary boreal forests may also strongly differ from those of wildfires, the dominant stand-replacing natural disturbance in these forests. Since industrial-scale forestry is driven by economic motives, there is a risk that stands of higher economic value will be primarily harvested, thus threatening habitats, and functions related to these forests. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the main attributes differentiating burned and logged stands prior to disturbance in boreal forests. The study territory lies in the coniferous and closed-canopy boreal forest in Québec, Canada, where industrial-scale logging and wildfire are the two main stand-replacing disturbances. Based on Québec government inventories of primary forests, we identified 427 transects containing about 5.5 circular field plots/transect that were burned or logged shortly after being surveyed, between 1985 and 2016. Comparative analysis of the main structural and environmental attributes of these transects highlighted the strong divergence in the impact of fire and harvesting on primary boreal forests. Overall, logging activities mainly harvested forests with the highest economic value, while most burned stands were low to moderately productive or recently disturbed. These results raise concerns about the resistance and resilience of remnant primary forests within managed areas, particularly in a context of disturbance amplification due to climate change. Moreover, the majority of the stands studied were old-growth forests, characterized by a high ecological value but also highly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. A loss in the diversity and functionality of primary forests, and particularly the old-growth forests, therefore adds to the current issues related to these ecosystems. Since 2013, the study area is under ecosystem-based management, which implies that there have been marked changes in forestry practices. Complementary research will be necessary to assess the capacity of ecosystem-based management to address the challenges identified in our study.
Gabriel Magnan, Eloïse LeStum-Boivin, Pierre Grondin, Maxime Asselin, Michelle Garneau, Yves Bergeron, Martin Lavoie. Comprendre l'évolution des tourbières de la pessière à mousses de l'Ouest. 2020. Avis de recherche forestière no 150.
Les tourbières abondent dans le sous-domaine bioclimatique de la pessière à mousses de l’Ouest et certaines d’entre elles sont recouvertes de forêts productives justifiant une récolte de matière ligneuse. Les études paléoécologiques révèlent que l’évolution millénaire de cet écosystème est issue d’interactions complexes entre les feux, la topographie et le climat. Dans le contexte des changements climatiques, il est probable que les tourbières s’assècheront et seront colonisées davantage par les conifères. Elles pourraient donc devenir plus vulnérables aux feux, et ainsi transformer ces grands réservoirs de carbone en une importante source de gaz à effet de serre. Ces nouvelles connaissances permettront d’améliorer les pratiques sylvicoles, notamment en considérant la fonction de séquestration de carbone dans ces milieux.
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Pierre Grondin, Martin Lavoie, Maude Demers, Ana Verhulst-Casanova, Laurie-Anne Chabot, Fabio Gennaretti, Catherine Caron. Conséquences des activités anthropiques sur la dynamique naturelle des tourbières forestières des Basses-Terres du Saint-Laurent (Québec) 3e rencontre annuelle du Laboratoire International de Recherche sur les Forêts Froides. Station touristique Duchesnay, Québec. (2023-10-04)
Achraf Ammar, Youssef Ben Slim, Ahmed Koubaa, Dorra Gassara, Yves Bergeron, Pierre Grondin, David Voyer, Alexis Achim. Évaluation non destructive de l’Impact de la carie dans le bois de l’érable à sucre sur ses propriétés chimiques physiques, et mécaniques 3e rencontre annuelle du Laboratoire International de Recherche sur les Forêts Froides. Station touristique Duchesnay, Québec. (2023-10-04)
Maxence Soubeyrand, Fabio Gennaretti, Olivier Blarquez, Pierre Grondin, Philippe Marchand. Effet du climat et de la compétition sur la migration future vers le nord d'espèces de feuillus tempérés dans la forêt boréale mixte 16e colloque annuel du CEF, Université de Montréal (2023-05-08)
Pierre Grondin, Andréane Garant, Julien Beguin, Amira Fetouab , Maisa De Noronha, Dominique Arseneault. Forêts paludifiées, sols et changements climatiques Rendez-vous de la connaissance en aménagement forestier durable (2022-04-05)
Achraf Ammar, Ahmed Koubaa, Yves Bergeron, Dorra Gassara, Pierre Grondin. Potentiel de la tomographie acoustique pour la caractérisation non destructive de la proportion de la carie et son impact sur le module d’élasticité du bois de l’érable à sucres 23e colloque de la Chaire AFD. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (2021-12-07)
Pierre Grondin Partenaire du MFFP 23e colloque de la Chaire AFD. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (2021-12-07)
Pierre Grondin, Maxence Martin, Hubert Morin, Yan Boucher. La tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette : moteur de la dynamique des vieilles forêts boréales et source d’inspiration pour l’aménagement écosystémique? Les Rendez-vous de la connaissance en aménagement forestier durable MFFP - Les ravageurs forestiers (2021-05-18)
Julia Cigana, Guillaume de Lafontaine, Pierre Grondin, Yves Bergeron. Dynamique holocène et potentiel d’expansion de l’érablière à sucre la plus nordique en Abitibi-Témiscamingue 22e colloque de la Chaire AFD. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, complètement virtuel (2020-12-02)
Raphaël Chavardes, Fabio Gennaretti, Xavier Cavard, Pierre Grondin, Lorena Balducci, Hubert Morin, Alain Leduc, Ari Kainelainen, Danielle Charron, T. Châtellier, Yves Bergeron. Le mélange des espèces dans le peuplement peut-il atténuer la vulnérabilité des forêts boréales aux changements climatiques et aux épidémies d’insectes ? 22e colloque de la Chaire AFD. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, complètement virtuel (2020-12-02)
Evick Mestre, Yves Bergeron, Rock Ouimet, Pierre Grondin. Potentiel de migration des populations nordiques d’érable à sucre dans l’Ouest du Québec 21e colloque de la Chaire AFD. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec. (2019-11-30)
Pierre Grondin Hétérogénéité paysagère contemporaine d'une portion de la forêt boréale québécoise et implications pour l'aménagement écosystémique. Soutenance thèse (2014-12-09)
Pierre Grondin La classification écologique et l'aménagement écosystémique : des liens à développer. La classification écologique et l'aménagement écos (2005-12-06)
Pierre Grondin The landscapes of the boreal forest are controlled by one or by a combination of variables ? 5thNorth American Forest Ecology Workshop, Aylmer, Québec, Canada.
Pierre Grondin Survol de quelques enjeux de composition forestière de la forêt mélangée et de la forêt résineuse 74ième congrès annuel de l’ACFAS, Colloque C-643 Définition des enjeux régionaux dans la mise en place de l’aménagement écosystemique des forêts du Québec. Université McGill, Montréal, Québec, Canada.